{"id":1152,"date":"2018-05-14T13:25:35","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T13:25:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/?p=1152"},"modified":"2023-10-19T14:27:29","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T14:27:29","slug":"%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af-%ce%bf%ce%b9-%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%b3%ce%ac%cf%84%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%83%ce%ba%ce%bf%cf%84%cf%8e%ce%bd%ce%bf%cf%85%ce%bd-%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%82-%ce%b2%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%af-%ce%bf%ce%b9-%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%b3%ce%ac%cf%84%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%83%ce%ba%ce%bf%cf%84%cf%8e%ce%bd%ce%bf%cf%85%ce%bd-%cf%84%ce%b9%cf%82-%ce%b2%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Why would bees favour some queens over others based on their sons?\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/span> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Why would bees favour some queens over others based on their sons?\">\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/span>; \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10886-017-0839-7\">Springer<\/a>, \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"In a palace intrigue worthy of George R R Martin, a new study has shown that some bee workers are queenslayers who will rise up and kill their queen if she produces the wrong sort of male offspring.\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oreinomeli.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/stingless-bees.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4378\" src=\"https:\/\/oreinomeli.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/stingless-bees.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"461\"><\/a>\u0386\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/108308648@N03\/29512365705\">Graham Wise\/Flickr<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u03a9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.udemy.com\/haploid-vs-diploid\/\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/a>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1).&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Bees, however, work a little differently. \">\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. <span title=\"Female bees, like us, are diploid, coming from fertilised eggs with two sets of alleles.\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2<\/span> <span title=\"Female bees, like us, are diploid, coming from fertilised eggs with two sets of alleles.\">\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span> (<span title=\"Female bees, like us, are diploid, coming from fertilised eggs with two sets of alleles.\">\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span>) <span title=\"Female bees, like us, are diploid, coming from fertilised eggs with two sets of alleles.\">\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span> \u03b1\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac. <span title=\"A queen must mate to produce females, because the father contributes half of the daughter\u2019s genome. \">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"But male bees, known as drones, are normally \u201chaploid\u201d, produced from the queen\u2019s unfertilised eggs and carrying one set of alleles.\">\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2<\/span><\/span> \u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"But male bees, known as drones, are normally \u201chaploid\u201d, produced from the queen\u2019s unfertilised eggs and carrying one set of alleles.\">\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2<\/span><\/span> <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"But male bees, known as drones, are normally \u201chaploid\u201d, produced from the queen\u2019s unfertilised eggs and carrying one set of alleles.\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span><\/span> \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"But male bees, known as drones, are normally \u201chaploid\u201d, produced from the queen\u2019s unfertilised eggs and carrying one set of alleles.\">\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <span title=\"Bees, however, work a little differently. \"><span title=\"A queen must mate to produce females, because the father contributes half of the daughter\u2019s genome. \">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1<\/span><\/span> \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 <span title=\"The queen can produce them without ever mating.\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9<\/span> <span title=\"The queen can produce them without ever mating.\">\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0388\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af. \u0391\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Bees, however, work a little differently. \"><span title=\"Female bees, like us, are diploid, coming from fertilised eggs with two sets of alleles.\">\u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Occasionally, though, a rarer and more sinister kind of male appears, over which the queen has no control.\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf<\/span><\/span> \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Occasionally, though, a rarer and more sinister kind of male appears, over which the queen has no control.\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.&nbsp;<span title=\"These males are diploid, and usually sterile.\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2<\/span> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"They are formed when a diploid (and so rightfully female) bee\u2019s body is fooled into becoming male.\">\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2&nbsp;\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 (\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1) &#8220;\u03be\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9&#8221; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2. <\/span><\/span>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"They spell disaster for a colony\u2019s survival because they consume resources, cannot contribute to reproduction, and, like all Hymenopteran males, refuse to work. \">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/span> \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"They spell disaster for a colony\u2019s survival because they consume resources, cannot contribute to reproduction, and, like all Hymenopteran males, refuse to work. \">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/span>, <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"They spell disaster for a colony\u2019s survival because they consume resources, cannot contribute to reproduction, and, like all Hymenopteran males, refuse to work. \">\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/span><\/span> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"They spell disaster for a colony\u2019s survival because they consume resources, cannot contribute to reproduction, and, like all Hymenopteran males, refuse to work. \">\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 (<span title=\"bees, ants, and wasps \">\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/span>) \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oreinomeli.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/shot-brood-ed.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4382\" src=\"https:\/\/oreinomeli.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/shot-brood-ed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"571\" height=\"391\"><\/a>\u039f \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Bees, however, work a little differently. \"><span title=\"Female bees, like us, are diploid, coming from fertilised eggs with two sets of alleles.\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf <span class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"When deciding whether to become male or female, a developing bee\u2019s body looks at just a single gene called the \u201ccomplementary sex determination\u201d (CSD) gene.\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/abstract\/S0092-8674(03)00606-8?code=cell-site\">\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf<\/a> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 Complementary Sex Determination (CSD). <span title=\"If this gene has two different alleles because it comes from a fertilised egg, the bee becomes female.\">\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\">\u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"But if it has only one allele because it comes from an unfertilised egg, the bee becomes male. \"> \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. <span title=\"Normally this sex determination system works fine.\">\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac.<\/span> \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 <span title=\"But if by random chance the queen has mated with a male that carries a CSD allele identical to hers, then half her diploid offspring will only have one kind of CSD allele and become male instead of female, effectively halving the workforce of the new generation. \">\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1<\/span> <span title=\"But if by random chance the queen has mated with a male that carries a CSD allele identical to hers, then half her diploid offspring will only have one kind of CSD allele and become male instead of female, effectively halving the workforce of the new generation. \">\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 CSD \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 CSD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03af, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span class=\"\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sci-news.com\/biology\/science-brazilian-stingless-bee-monascus-fungus-03372.html\">Scaptotrigona depilis<\/a>, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd &#8220;\u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2&#8221; \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 10 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac; <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"The researchers showed that, to workers, normal haploid males and sterile diploid males smell different.\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<\/span><\/span> \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"The researchers showed that, to workers, normal haploid males and sterile diploid males smell different.\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/span><\/span> \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"The researchers showed that, to workers, normal haploid males and sterile diploid males smell different.\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/span><\/span>. \u0397 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 10\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"About 10 days \u2013 precisely the point at which the queens in the experiment began \u201cmysteriously\u201d dying off.\">\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4<\/span><\/span>\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"About 10 days \u2013 precisely the point at which the queens in the experiment began \u201cmysteriously\u201d dying off.\">\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/span> <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"About 10 days \u2013 precisely the point at which the queens in the experiment began \u201cmysteriously\u201d dying off.\">\u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd &#8220;\u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2&#8221; \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1; \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2, <span title=\"In honey bees (Apis mellifera), they are.\">Apis mellifera, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 <a href=\"http:\/\/honeybee.drawwing.org\/book\/diploid-drones\">\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd&nbsp;<span title=\"Worker bees attend eggs and larvae and can easily \u201csmell\u201d a diploid male and kill it.\">\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/a> <span title=\"Worker bees attend eggs and larvae and can easily \u201csmell\u201d a diploid male and kill it.\">\u03b1\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<span title=\"The researchers showed that, to workers, normal haploid males and sterile diploid males smell different.\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/span> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 <span title=\"But in stingless bees, eggs are sealed off in cells early in development, and workers have no contact with them until they emerge as good-for-nothing layabout males.\">\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span>, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oreinomeli.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/solenopsis-invicta.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4381\" src=\"https:\/\/oreinomeli.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/05\/solenopsis-invicta.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"392\"><\/a>\u03a4\u03bf \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9 (<em>Solenopsis invicta<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"This kind of behaviour isn\u2019t unique;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2.<\/span><\/span> <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"Ants and wasps are queen-killers too \">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/span> \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"One example is in colonies of fire ants (Solenopsis invicta), whose workers form gangs.\"> \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 &#8220;\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2&#8221;. <span title=\"Each gang has its own \u201cgang sign\u201d, an odour produced by the combination of alleles of a particular gene, which allows the ants to identify who is in their gang.\">\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 &#8220;\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1&#8221; \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 <span title=\"Workers from one gang will kill queens showing the wrong gang sign. \">\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<\/span> \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"el\"><span title=\"In yellowjacket wasps, which have annual lifecycles, workers will commonly slay their queen at the end of the year as she ages and her power wanes.\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2<\/span><\/span> \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c9\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n\u039f\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u039c\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd; \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Springer, \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0386\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. (Graham Wise\/Flickr) \u03a9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[24],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1152"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1152"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1153,"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1152\/revisions\/1153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oreinomeli.gr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}